https://history-maps.com/warmap/world-war-ii/event/invasion-of-poland

The siege, which lasted for three tortuous days during which the hostages had no access to food or water, ended in a botched attempt to storm the building by Russian special forces, who attacked it with aerosol bombs and rocket-propelled grenades, killing 334 people, 186 of whom were children.

The Beslan school siege is widely regarded as the deadliest school shooting and hostage crisis in modern history.

The Greek Army burned and destroyed every single town, village, building and farm they could find while retreating. Not just burning, the Greek Army also directly killed thousands of Turkish (including Greek) civillians along with raping and torturing well over thousands.

Middle East historian, Sydney Nettleton Fisher wrote that: "The Greek army in retreat pursued a burned-earth policy and committed every known outrage against defenceless Turkish villagers in its path."

The overall casualty caused by the scorched-earth alone is estimated to be around 50.000 civillians, some dying during the event and some dying due to the poverty in the aftermath. Also, over 3 million animals were killed.

• The scale of the arson and destruction was so severe that over 35.000 buildings got destroyed.

• Over 300 towns and villages were either completely destroyed or burned.

• Over 3 million animals were killed.

İsmet Pasha's referendum about Greek devastations in Anatolia stated that 134,040 Horses, 63,926 Donkeys and Mules were killed or removed and the total amount of all animals including sheep, goats, cows, camels, oxen and buffaloes killed or removed were 3,291,335. Venizelos' reply on the same day did not include a contrary statement to the destruction of animals.

General Frangou wrote: "Greek soldiers escaping from Anatolia were able to escape as far as Çeşme with the horses they gathered from the villages. Their horses were also injured, bruised and skinny, some of them were scattered in the sea from hunger and thirst, and some of them were lying on the sand. Some of them were licking the damp stones on the dried fountain heads. Some of the poor animals were dead and some were about to die."

Ernest Hemmingway who witnessed the Greek withdrawal fron Edirne, states that "The Greeks were nice chaps too. When they evacuated they had all their baggage animals they couldn't take off with them so they just broke their forelegs and dumped them into the shallow water. All those mules with their forelegs broken pushed over into the shallow water. It was all a pleasant business. My word yes a most pleasant business."

—Out of approximately 18,000 buildings in the province of Manisa, fewer than 500 survived. Over 850 people were executed.

Colonel Stylianos Gonatas states that Manisa was burned by the retreating Greeks while keeping the Turkish inhabitants inside the city, not letting them leave the burning houses and mosques. He also adds that the destruction of properties by the Greek Army included even the houses of the Greek soldiers from Turgutlu.

—Turgutlu (Cassaba) lost roughtly 90% of the structures.

—Ataşehir lost over 4000 buldings, meaning that 80% of the town was destroyed.

Colonel Stylianos Gonatas states that *Every village in the plain east of Alaşehir was burned and that his troops could not find any living person nor anyone to take with them as a guide.*

—​Uşak lost roughly 3,000 buildings, while Salihli lost 65% of its entire structural footprint.

Kinross wrote, "Already, most of the towns in its path were in ruins. One third of Ushak no longer existed. Alashehir was no more than a dark scorched cavity, defacing the hillside. Village after village had been reduced to an ash-heap. Out of the eighteen thousand buildings in the historic holy city of Manisa, only five hundred remained."

An officer of the Greek Army, Panagiotis Demestichas, who in his memoirs he writes the following: "The destruction in the cities and villages through which we passed, the arsons and other ugliness, I am not able to describe, and I prefer that the world remains oblivious to this destruction."

https://history-maps.com/story/Ming-dynasty/event/Tumu-Crisis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Kant%C5%8D_Earthquake

On This Day in American History — September 1, 1897

Boston and New York were apparently having a little race.

The prize? Being the first city in North America to put a rapid transit system underground.

Boston came out swinging and opened the first section of the Tremont Street Subway in 1897. While New York was still working on its plans, Boston basically said, “Move over, we’re taking this underground.” And just like that, Boston became home to North America’s first underground rapid transit system.
Of course, this wasn’t the subway experience we know today. No smartphones. No digital signs. No air conditioning. And definitely no app telling you that your train is delayed because of “signal issues.” Instead, the system was primarily designed to move streetcars underground and get them out of Boston’s increasingly crowded streets.

But this was about much more than getting people from Point A to Point B. Boston’s subway helped introduce a new way of thinking about transportation in America. As cities grew, Americans needed faster and more efficient ways to move people—and the solution was sometimes as simple as building another city underneath the city.

Why does it matter to American history?

The Tremont Street Subway helped usher in the era of modern rapid transit in North America. It changed how Americans could live, work, and travel in growing cities and helped shape the urban transportation systems that millions of Americans would eventually depend on.
So today, the next time you're sitting underground waiting for a train that is “running 10 minutes behind schedule,” remember…
Boston was underground first

https://youtu.be/60ONJ2-tlKY

On August 30th , 1949 , inventor Percy Spencer recieved a patent for microwave popcorn. His design involved popping corn inside a bag while it was still on the cob. He filed for the patent on March 29th , 1947 , on behalf of himself and the Raytheon Manufacturing Company.

In 1945 , while Percy was working at Raytheon testing military magnetrons [ vacuum tubes that generate high frequency radio waves for radar ] , he noticed that a peanut candy bar in his pocket had melted into sludge. Intrigued by the heat generation , Spencer sent for some unpopped popcorn kernels. He placed them next to the active magnetron and they quickly began crackling and popping all over the laboratory floor. Popcorn officially became the first food item purposefully cooked using microwave radiation.

While Percy Spencer patented the foundational method in 1949 , the modern commercial microwave popcorn bag , complete with a heat-susceptor lining to absorb microwaves and brown the butter , was later developed and patented by General Mills in 1981. This led to the home microwave popcorn boom throughout the 1980's.

America’s First Bank Heist?!

Picture Philadelphia in 1798. America is still a young nation, George Washington has recently left office, and the country is still figuring things out.

Then somebody looked at the Bank of Pennsylvania and apparently thought:

"You know what would make today interesting? Stealing the bank’s money."

And that’s exactly what happened.

In 1798, the Bank of Pennsylvania was robbed in what is generally considered the first recorded bank robbery in American history. No getaway cars. No security cameras. No silent alarms. Just criminals taking advantage of a financial system that was still learning how to protect itself.
The robbery exposed just how vulnerable America’s early banks were. As the country grew, so did its financial institutions—and eventually, the need for better locks, procedures, security, and accountability.

Why does it matter?

Because American history isn't just presidents, wars, and famous speeches. Sometimes history is made by somebody deciding to walk into a bank and walk out with money that doesn't belong to them.

Even America's criminals occasionally helped teach the country a lesson.

Sometimes you have to look at the strange stories to understand how America became the country it is today.

https://youtu.be/mkZyYxHeDAQ

https://history-maps.com/warmap/world-war-i/event/battle-of-tannenberg

https://history-maps.com/podcast/ming-dynasty
In this episode, we dive into the sweeping history of the Ming dynasty, drawing from a richly detailed account that traces its rise under the Hongwu Emperor, its complex political evolution, and its eventual fall to the Qing in 1644. We explore the dynasty's intricate governmental framework-from the Grand Secretariat and Six Ministries to the powerful and often controversial role of eunuchs-while also highlighting the vibrant cultural and intellectual life of the period, including influential literature, flourishing arts, and Wang Yangming's transformative Neo-Confucian philosophy. Rounding out the discussion, we look at Ming urban society, scientific and technological developments, and the dramatic population shifts that shaped one of China's most iconic imperial eras.