Ok so if you wanna buy games in 2026 but you can't search for them, and don't have a PS3 to buy the games on instead, what can you do?

Well, if you didn't know if you go to the web browser on the vita directly, and type in the url psns:browse?product=CONTENTID, it will take you directly to that page in the PS Store, bypassing search entirely and allowing you to navigate to the direct page you were looking for. This works on both CFW and on unmodded systems too. There is a Japanese website also that has Japanese games with direct links so you can buy them on the store, but unless you are using a Japanese PSN, it won't be of much help while the store is still open. You can find it at [https://sandbox-lablife.github.io/Vita\\_Store\\_Catalog/index.html\](https://sandbox-lablife.github.io/Vita_Store_Catalog/index.html).

Anyway, hope this helps y'all buy those final games before the store closes (used this to purchase an English copy of Hyperdimension Neptunia U tonight so I can play it without translations xd)

Hacked my Vita yesterday and downloaded Super Star Wars and was earning the trophies by playing the game, but it’s not showing the timestamps? Will it show up when I sync with PSN?

https://reddit.com/link/1w3prp2/video/w518a8r2rrmh1/player

Here is a collection of customized vpks containing edited or entirely new Livearea assets that were made by me.

Note❗️ If a game downloads as “GAMENAME”.vpk.zip you will have to manually rename the file to be “GAMENAME”.vpk ❗️

(DO NOT EXTRACT THE ZIP UNLESS IT IS THE MEGA ZIP CONTAINING ALL VPKs)

Install the VPKs through vitashell as normal, only three of these VPKs contain datafiles (StarWarfare, Subway Surfers, Alto’s Adventure) and will start without needing any additional files, the rest of the games will need their datafiles.

VPKs ‼️

🏄Subway Surfers: https://www.mediafire.com/file/xwr0mpssossw2lr/Subway_Surfers.vpk/file

🌌Star Warfare: https://www.mediafire.com/file/zhaxp5qsomhdjoq/StarWarfare.vpk/file

🦙Alto’s Adventure: https://www.mediafire.com/file/4lc4tfurus26fvg/AltosAdventure.vpk/file

🧑‍🚀Mass Effect: https://www.mediafire.com/file/sbksgeb8j10w2if/MassEffectInfiltrator.vpk/file

🚗Hill Climb Racing: https://www.mediafire.com/file/idov2s0xxxy6byx/HillClimbRacing.vpk/file

🚓GTA Trilogy: https://www.mediafire.com/file/fpf7aojc4xy9m16/GTA_RT_LAUNCHER.vpk/file

🟨Geometry Dash: https://www.mediafire.com/file/rcabl945rgpf0vy/GeometryDash.vpk/file

🐸Froggy‘s Battle: https://www.mediafire.com/file/4gyv0dzy0egtx23/FroggysBattle.vpk/file

👽Dead Space: https://www.mediafire.com/file/0d89ox6x7vzfgaz/DeadSpace.vpk/file

🐶Animal Crossing: https://www.mediafire.com/file/pivcjdswf7yfyo6/AnimalCrossing.vpk/file

⬇️MegaZip: https://www.mediafire.com/file/ljhg572b624qzlp/MegaZip.zip/file

Dev Disclosure: I’m sure this is quite obvious but I made none of these ports, I just made some personal use LiveAssets and decided to share them with the community.

​

Hi everyone, today I bring you a short story of unhappiness.

After a few years with my PS Vita forgotten at the bottom of a drawer, I decided to try giving it a second chance (or a third and fourth chance, I had stopped counting).

The reason it was stored away was that it simply wasn't working anymore; life got hectic, and I ended up not having the time or incentive to get it working again.

Today, with a little more time and the need for a new hobby, I decided to perform a simple procedure that consisted of opening the console, removing the battery connector and the flat cable from the back pads.

So, gentlemen, upon opening the console I came across this disgusting situation, and unfortunately, in addition to all the dirt, the connector simply broke due to drying out.

I would look for a new connector, but I don't know how easy that would be to find, besides the obvious cleaning that will be necessary on this board.

Does anyone have an alternative for replacing the battery socket? In case I can't find one.

Have a great week and thank you for reading this.

https://imgur.com/a/hwLiSTT

I had a psp vita back when they first dropped. I didn’t like it and ended up selling it for a psp go that was modded. And boy did I love that thing. But I ended up losing it during a move across the country and haven’t been able to find it. My wife was gifted a vita last year and I’ve developed a hyper fixation to mod it and try to capture what made me love my modded psp go.

I haven’t modded anything or jailbroke anything. My only experience dealing with modded consoles was playing my psp go and a hacked Wii (both of which were bought that way).

Any tips and tricks?

Hello everybody, I found my old Ps Vita PCH-1004 with 8gb and think it would be great to mod it. But like with any modable platform there are multiple roads to go down and I was wondering if you could help me out find an ultimate path and thus help out others that are new to this as well.

I’d say there are two categories of mods: hardware and software.

Starting with hardware, I think the first obvious choice is to upgrade storage with an psvita2sd adapter and some 128gb SD card. And then maybe if you are good with electronics changing the proprietary port to an usb-c and maybe the proprietary card to micro SD card slot? Are there any other easy mods to do first or any mods that are very useful? Im wondering if you could get a more modern battery with more mAh.

Then software, I’m not sure if there are multiple ways of unlocking the vita but what are the best paths to do it? My goal is to play all my vita games without needing the cartridges, same with the psp and ps1, but I’d also love to play some of my other console games (ps2,3,4?) and some pc games like cuphead or so on.
Also I’ve seen that the user interface for this is not as nice as android emulators is there a stylish launcher?

Anyways is there something I might be missing? Maybe some kind of mods or other usecases for the vita?

Thanks for all you replies🙌

So I have my vita for many years now. The scene just gets better and better. With the BT plugin one massive annoying issue was resolved for me. Since I use my vita for a lot of retro gaming there is another thing which really grind my gears: having the same save file for gba snes and psp on my vita and other devices.

I mainly use synchting for the task of syncing up all my saves without even looking. Using retroarch and ppsspp makes syncing the save file so easy it just a great way of hoping to different devices (depends what is easier for me to grab for the moment) and continue playing the game I am into now.

I really wanna just use my laptop and my vita as my main gaming device. But the issue of manually copying save file really get on my nerves. I build a skript for android which trys to connect via ftp to my vita and makes a bidirectional sync between the folders. Problem is: I sometimes work and sometime doesnt.

Now my big question: could and automatic sync in the background could work for save files for retroarch and psp and other emulators? Would even create a bounty so desperate I am with this topic now. Haha

whats the best home brew apps to download for all in one feel? and also what best emulators would u download for each console?

Was looking to hack my Vita since the game cartridge slot has crapped out on it. I wanted to ask if Vita has an app to disable Syscalls so I can sync trophies online like the PS3 has with the Multiman MOD?

Mon premier shiny est sur Vita 🙏👌

Attention lors de votre chasse, le combo L+R+Start+Select, fait crash la console.

Hi everyone,

I have published a major update to the VitaMediaDeck project family.

VitaMediaDeck is a native PS Vita media player for local files and authenticated network sources. This update includes extensive changes to the main application, the hardware and software decoder libraries, and a new desktop Transcoder for preparing Vita-compatible media.

VitaMediaDeck

The application has received a complete visual redesign inspired by the screen graphics and particle-based imagery of Ghost in the Shell.

The new interface uses a pitch-black OLED background, cyan and cold-blue lighting, restrained amber accents, particle clouds, fragments and scan effects. The application icon has also been redesigned to match the new visual identity.

Main changes include:

• Multiple AAC audio-track selection during playback.
• Embedded SubRip, ASS/SSA, WebVTT, MOV text and other text-subtitle selection.
• Audio and subtitle switching without closing the player.
• Support for local videos and authenticated WebDAV, SFTP and SMB sources.
• Faster indexed seeking for Matroska and MP4 files.
• Direct H.264 cue hopping for seeking, saved-position resume and audio-track replacement.
• Removal of the previous multi-stream linear-seek fallbacks.
• Better recovery from backward seeks and invalid seek positions.
• Protection against audio-only playback with a permanently black video frame.
• Faster playback startup and saved-position resume.
• Per-video playback history for both local and remote media.
• Options to resume playback or restart the video from the beginning.
• Video covers loaded from sidecar artwork or embedded container artwork.
• Automatic representative-frame extraction when no valid cover is available.
• Persistent thumbnail caching and prioritised cover generation for the selected grid cell.
• Live video mini-player for local and remote videos.
• Full player restoration from the mini-player title, active media cell or new Active player navigation entry.
• Music playback remains available in the mini-player without opening an unnecessary enlarged video view.
• Restored controls:
  • Press Start to minimise the player.
  • Hold Start to enable the OLED ECO mode.
  • Hold Select to lock or unlock player input.
• The lock indicator now disappears together with the player HUD.
• Player navigation no longer closes playback when moving to another application section.
• Configurable subtitle font, size, width, position, row limits, foreground, background and border colours.
• Native-oriented font profiles for Western, Cyrillic, Japanese, Chinese and Korean text.
• A full-width multilingual subtitle preview in Settings.
• Decoder, resolution, frame rate and video bitrate information in the HUD and side panel.
• Average bitrate calculation when the container does not provide bitrate metadata.
• Audio scheduling changes designed to prevent periodic stuttering under video and UI load.

VitaMediaDeck remains a public beta. Remote-server behaviour and cancellation paths still need testing across more physical Vita and server configurations.

Repository:

https://github.com/spyro-98/VitaMediaDeck

vita-hw-decoder

The hardware decoder uses h264_vita and SceVideodec for native H.264 playback with direct NV12/P2 presentation through GXM.

The latest changes add:

• Runtime AAC track selection.
• Discovery of up to 16 AAC and 16 embedded text-subtitle tracks.
• Indexed H.264 cue seeking for both video and audio cursors.
• No AAC-index or multi-stream linear-seek fallback.
• Faster seeking and audio-track replacement without restarting the live video pipeline.
• Bounded keyframe preroll for precise playback recovery.
• Improved backward-seek handling.
• Detection and recovery when a seek produces audio but no video frame.
• A checked software-decoder fallback when hardware playback cannot produce a valid picture.
• Better handling of long videos and saved-position startup.
• Deadline-safe AAC AudioOut scheduling.
• Audio-track rollback if a replacement stream cannot start correctly.
• Stream, container and calculated fallback bitrate reporting.
• Detailed timing diagnostics for opening, probing, seeking, first-frame delivery and audio refills.

Repository:

https://github.com/spyro-98/vita-hw-decoder

vita-sw-decoder

The software decoder provides an API-compatible CPU fallback using FFmpeg, without loading h264_vita.

It now shares the same playback and stream-management contract as the hardware backend:

• Runtime AAC track selection.
• Multi-track audio and subtitle metadata discovery.
• H.264 cue-based video and audio seeking.
• Removal of linear media seek fallbacks.
• Faster resume and backward seeking.
• Bounded seek and first-frame deadlines.
• Clean failure instead of continuing with audio and a black screen.
• Improved playback recovery after invalid Matroska seek landings.
• Safer video-surface ownership across seek operations.
• Deadline-aware AudioOut scheduling and diagnostics.
• Fallback video bitrate calculation.
• Compatible state, cancellation and track-selection behaviour with the hardware decoder.

Repository:

https://github.com/spyro-98/vita-sw-decoder

New: VitaMediaDeck Transcoder

I have also released VitaMediaDeck Transcoder, a separate Python and FFmpeg desktop application for macOS, Windows and Linux.

It converts common video formats into a seekable Matroska profile designed for VitaMediaDeck:

• H.264 High Profile with the appropriate Vita-oriented level.
• Maximum 960×544 output while preserving the original aspect ratio.
• Source frame rate retained up to 60 fps.
• 8-bit BT.709 yuv420p output.
• Selected audio tracks converted to AAC-LC stereo at 48 kHz.
• Multiple audio and subtitle tracks preserved.
• Chapters, language metadata, titles and compatible font attachments retained.
• Existing embedded artwork reused when available.
• Automatic 480×272 cover extraction when artwork is missing or unusable.
• HDR-to-SDR tone mapping for compatible FFmpeg installations.
• Automatic VideoToolbox, NVENC, AMF, VAAPI or libx264 encoder selection.
• Vita-oriented quality presets and configurable system-load limits.
• Final duration and stream validation before publishing the converted file.

The project includes both a command-line interface and an interactive terminal UI with:

• File browser.
• Input and output inspection.
• Per-track audio and subtitle selection.
• Editable presets.
• Encoder and quality controls.
• Live FFmpeg logs.
• Progress, speed, bitrate and ETA.
• Conversion cancellation and final validation.

The Transcoder is an optional desktop tool and is not included in the VPK. VitaMediaDeck can still play already-compatible media directly.

Repository:

https://github.com/spyro-98/VitaMediaDeck-Transcoder

All four projects are open source under GPL-3.0. Feedback, hardware testing and reproducible bug reports are welcome, especially for long Matroska files, multiple audio/subtitle tracks and authenticated remote playback.

hey, v1.3 is out and the big addition is netplay:

- Local ad-hoc — two Vitas (or PS TVs) on the same Wi-Fi, zero setup. Host / Find Game / go.

- Online — direct-IP with predictive rollback (6-frame window), so normal home ping is playable. The host lobby now tries UPnP automatic port-forwarding and shows your public IP right there; (if there are problems you may need to open ports on your modem)

- If the two sims desync, both drop back to the lobby instead of a dead disconnect screen.

- Host match rules page: items (+ per-item on/off list), team battle, friendly fire, damage ratio, handicap, stage/stock/time, RANDOM on most of them.

- Controls reworked toward the SSB64 3DS layout. D-pad is now the N64 D-pad — it navigates menus, and in-match it emulates the left stick (tap = walk, double-tap = dash). Taunt moved to a right-stick flick.

- Classic (1P) mode co-op — a second human or CPU can run the arcade ladder with you.

- Text entry (name, IP, server) uses the Vita system keyboard now.

Source + build instructions + the "how to play online" walkthrough: github.com/robin994/battleship-vita

Still WIP — expect problems with 3–4 player netplay isn't fully tested (i could only test on 2 vitas), Feedback welcome

Edit . 1.4 released
now you can add texture pack ,i suggest 1.5x since it's balanced in performance .

I’ve been working on a project that turns a my Vita into a wired Android Auto head unit.

Currently working:

• Plug Vita into hub with Android Phone + a power source (I have not been able to get the Vita to act as a true host but when there is external power supplied it works)
• Android Auto authentication handled natively on the Vita
• 720p scaled down to 960×544
• Touchscreen works fully
  • D-pad, analogue sticks and physical media controls
  • Bumpers skip songs
  • Triangle for play pause
  • Square of Google assistant

It’s still very hacky I only got stable video with inputs today. I need to improve the USB Kernel as its very buggy and needs hard resets if connection drops or if you exit app and many many more issues.

The idea came from seeing people put carplay headunits into PSP shells don't own a psp so said I'll give it a go on the vita and so far good results. But for a POC pretty cool I think!

I’m developing VitaMediaDeck Transcoder, a separate desktop tool for preparing video files for VitaMediaDeck on PS Vita.

The goal is simple: take modern video sources—including 4K HDR files—and create efficient PS Vita-ready Matroska files with H.264 video, AAC audio, the native 960×544 output resolution, and source frame rates preserved up to 60 fps.

Current work includes:

• hardware encoding where available: VideoToolbox, NVENC, AMF, and VAAPI, with x264 fallback;
• HDR-to-SDR tone mapping for 4K HDR sources;
• per-track audio and subtitle selection;
• embedded cover artwork, prioritising artwork already present in the source;
• validation to avoid incomplete files or audio/video duration mismatches;
• a full terminal interface with presets, live logs, bitrate, ETA, encoder details, and a PS Vita-focused output preview;
• balanced system-load settings, so long conversions do not make the desktop unusable.

It is designed as an external companion tool, not as part of the VPK itself. The focus is compatibility, predictable output, reasonable file sizes, and making a modern media library easier to use on PS Vita.

I didn’t have this issue before installing a bunch of stuff? (Modding) Software issue? I turned it off and on again and it fixed itself then came back :(

Hello everyone.

While searching Vitahacks subreddit, I found that some valuable members of the Vita community had already been working on Medal of Honor: Allied Assault. There were gameplay videos, but the sky was broken and the port still had several problems. Seeing the current state of other vibe-coded Vita ports, such as Asphalt 8, made me think this one could be pushed further too.

So I decided to take on the challenge. I did not create the port from scratch. The original Vita groundwork was done by HenryKun55, and the project is based on OpenMoHAA. I picked up the existing code, used AI tools heavily to understand and modify it, and tested the changes on real Vita.

The current build has a working textured sky, improved world textures and lighting, stable mission transitions, checkpoints, and manual saving and loading.

I have played into the third mission, saved manually, closed the game, reopened it, and loaded the save successfully. Save thumbnails can sometimes look corrupted, although they still work.

Further play-testing is required, it is not the definitive state. However I have my academic studies to do. Not a great time to continue with this.

Overclock is a must. Performance is generally around 20–25 FPS, depending on the scene, and loading a save takes roughly 80 seconds. The interactive mission briefings are skipped by an older stability workaround that was already present before I took over.

Select button opens the Vita dev menu, where you can change graphics, lighting, effects, texture quality, aiming sensitivity, crosshair visibility, levels and diagnostic options. The project and current experimental release are available here: https://github.com/ChatProductions/openmohaavita
Note: Roms are indeed fun

Hi everyone,

I have made the VitaMaps source code public.

VitaMaps is a native map viewer and cache explorer built specifically for the PS Vita with VitaSDK and vita2d. It renders raster tiles directly on the GPU—there is no WebView, embedded browser, HTML, or JavaScript map engine.

The feature I find most interesting is the Offline Atlas, which is still in beta. It began with a simple curiosity: what is actually stored inside the map cache?

Normal map use leaves persistent XYZ tiles on the console, but a directory tree does not show their geography, gaps, or available zoom depth. VitaMaps scans those real files, groups them by map style and zoom level, geographically aligns them, and projects them as an interactive 3D stack.

You can orbit the layers through 360 degrees, change their spacing, pan and zoom the complete block, enter a selected zoom layer, navigate between actual cached tile keys, inspect their coordinates, and reopen a selected tile on the normal map at the matching style and zoom.

The atlas reuses the same layered tile engine as the map: compressed RAM cache, disk lookup, PNG decoding, a render-thread upload queue, and a bounded GPU texture LRU.

Atlas requests are strictly cache-only. A missing file remains a visible gap and can never trigger an HTTPS download.

This is not a bulk map downloader, and it does not claim complete offline coverage. The atlas currently visualizes only tiles collected during ordinary browsing. It is also an experiment for evaluating a possible future workflow where an area and its useful zoom levels could be selected deliberately.

The current source also includes:

• Fluid Web Mercator pan, fractional zoom, rotation, inertia, and touch gestures.
• Five raster map styles.
• A separate non-expiring 200 MiB cache for every map style.
• Dynamic visible-tile priority, cooperative cancellation, bounded retries, and progressive parent/child fallback.
• Search by coordinates, place, locality, or address.
• Styled pin lists with icons and colors.
• Per-segment and total distance calculations.
• Closed-polygon area calculation.
• GPX import/export and persistent import history.
• Overpass POIs.
• OpenTopoMap hiking mode with elevation profiles, ascent, and descent.
• An auto-hiding HUD, online/offline state, scale bar, and smooth native UI animations.
• Eleven UI languages.
• Optional persistent diagnostics, enabled by default in Debug builds.

HTTPS is handled by vita-https, with certificate and hostname verification, TLS 1.2 minimum, Mozilla CA roots, timeouts, and cooperative cancellation. Provider attribution remains visible inside the application.

The source code, standalone build instructions, and VPK are available now:

https://github.com/spyro-98/VitaMaps

If you build or test it, feedback is especially useful around GPU stability, large or sparse atlas caches, touch and analog input, cache persistence, and localization.

VitaMaps can write a diagnostic log to:

ux0:data/VitaMaps/session_log.txt

Photos and GPU crash dumps are also very useful when reporting rendering problems.

The application icon uses imagery derived from the Apollo 17 “Blue Marble” photograph (AS17-148-22727), credited to NASA Johnson Space Center.

Hi everyone,

I’ve renamed VitaTube to VitaMediaDeck.

The previous name suggested a YouTube-specific application, but the project has evolved into a general-purpose media player for PlayStation Vita. Its purpose is now to play your own music and videos from local storage or authenticated network servers.

VitaWave better represents media moving between local files and network streams without tying the app to a single platform or service.

The latest update includes:

• A new VitaWave icon, refreshed branding and updated top bar
• Local and remote filesystem navigation in grid or list mode
• WebDAV over HTTPS, SFTP with host-fingerprint confirmation, and authenticated SMB2/SMB3
• MP4, M4V, MOV and Matroska containers with H.264 video and optional AAC audio
• A decoder setting with Auto, hardware H.264 and software FFmpeg options
• Automatic fallback from the hardware decoder to the software decoder
• Video bitrate information in the player HUD and side panel
• Optional password saving with a clear warning that credentials are stored in plain text
• Hidden dot-prefixed files and folders in the local browser

I have also updated the two standalone decoder repositories:

• vita-hw-decoder: hardware-only H.264 playback through h264_vita/SceVideodec, with optional AAC audio
• vita-sw-decoder: FFmpeg CPU-based H.264 playback, designed as a compatibility fallback, with optional AAC audio

Both packages share the same lifecycle and seekable-stream interface, making it possible for applications to switch cleanly between hardware and software decoding.

VitaWave is still an active preview. The repositories and build pipeline have been validated, but broader testing across different PS Vita systems and network servers is still welcome.

VitaWave:
https://github.com/spyro-98/VitaMediaDeck

Hardware decoder:
https://github.com/spyro-98/vita-hw-decoder

Software decoder:
https://github.com/spyro-98/vita-sw-decoder

Feedback and hardware testing are welcome!

I recently discovered that VitaWave was already being used by another PS Vita homebrew application.

Even more importantly, both projects were using the same Vita Title ID, which could cause confusion and installation conflicts.

For this reason, I’m renaming the project again—this time to VitaMediaDeck, with a new unique Title ID.

Sorry for changing the name twice, but resolving the conflict now is the right choice before development and distribution continue.

The repository is now available at:
https://github.com/spyro-98/VitaMediaDeck

Just dropped a first stable version of battleship-vita. Let me know if you face problems.

In this version there are a lot of optimizations to restore vanilla version. 60fps seems to be stable ( i use psvita with overclock at 500mhz) , there are just some slutter in loading screen

What's next?
- working on porting smash-remix mods to battleship-vita (all characters work in this version, but they are unstable that's why i haven't released them yet)

- working on adhoc multiplayer and online multiplayer

I recently downloaded cemu and realized how the vita would be amazing to emulate the gamepad, last year wii u gamepad emulation became a thing so you could use your phone as a gamepad but...the vita has the touchscreen, microphone and camera jsut like a gamepad, is there any chance it would be possible to emulate it with a vita?

If any one is interested you can also use moonlight and that works fairly well but I'd love to have gyro and also the microphone and camera to be usable

I'm trying to port OK K.O.! Lakewood Plaza Turbo (Android) to PS Vita.

Altough the game was removed from the market on 2016 you can stillfind the game files trough the web

The Unity Editor is:

• Unity 5.4.3p2
• Mono, not IL2CPP
• Assembly-CSharp.dll is available
• Wwise 2015.1.x (SoundBank version 113)
• Android APK contains libmain.so, libunity.so, libmono.so, and libAkSoundEngine.so
• I've already set up Unity 5.4.3p2 with the Vita module and UniHacker.

My main problem is figuring out the correct way to reconstruct/rebuild the Unity project for Vita and deal with the Wwise 2015.1 Vita integration.

Has anyone here with experience reverse-engineering Unity Android games for Vita worked with a similar setup?

In particular, I'd really appreciate advice on:

1. Reconstructing a Unity 5.4 project from Assembly-CSharp.dll + the extracted Unity assets.
2. Replacing the Android Wwise native library with the Vita Wwise runtime.
3. Whether the original Assembly-CSharp.dll can realistically be reused with a Vita Unity build.
4. Any existing Unity Android → Vita porting projects/tools I should study.

I'm not asking anyone to do the port for me — I mainly need to know the correct technical approach before I spend more time on it.

I recently bought a PSV2000 and found out it has a reader function. I like light novels and wanted to include it in the PSV reader.

Actually, there are tutorials in the community about adding books to readers. Here, I am just sharing with you the issues I have identified through practice.

1. When converting books using Calibre To convert the EPUB type to PDF, then convert PDF to JPG format. Usually convert it to zip format. Rename the zip suffix to CBZ. When converting CBZ to EPUB.

2.When converting CBZ to EPUB, we need to change the Calibre settings to convert the resolution to 960x1159 Change the type of EPUB to 3, Change the image attributes to jpg (because png are larger than jpg ).

This is my first time writing. Due to language issues, I used AI translation. I apologize if there are any grammar errors. If there are any mistakes, I will correct them.