Was watching Interstellar (for the 5x time) last night and the Millers planet scene gave me a thought. Our estimation of the age of the universe is based on our perspective, however the perspective of a potential alien civilization could be different based on the gravity pulls of their local system. Is this factored into our calculations at all? Is it possible time in our system is accelerated/decelerated and that is why the universe seems so empty and could be throwing off our Drake equation theories?

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If we have a baseline for how thermodynamic reactions SHOULD OCCUR…

And yet Blackholes radiate at 1 trillionth of a kelvin..

We could extrapolate backward from that, and say “Given this mass this is what we WOULD EXPECT to see”

So by measuring the low intensity of hawking radiation do we use this to confirm “Yes time is definitely running slower inside the black hole because of this relationship of energy out, vs what should be happening inside if time were 1:1”

Sorry I KNOW we already accept time dilation is a thing that occurs …Im just specifically asking if measuring the entropy of a black hole, also confirms the same things with no discrepancies.

Whenever its cloudy and i look up like 99% of hte clouds are at the same bottom level and have differnt heights but why, why aren't there some way higher up and lower to make it scattered?

The math gives zero but I'm looking for an intuitive explanation. I see from another reddit post that if there was curl, then a path will always loop back around to the same point, and that can't be possible because the gradient always points towards a point of higher elevation and that would be contradictory. But can't the curl be reversed mid path, bc the curl is a single value at every point, then the path won't loop back around and you won't end up with a contradiction where the elevation increases towards the lowest point, the point of origin?

A speculation I had recently: I've always been fascinated by black holes, and primordial black holes. The latter aren't known to exist but they're predicted by a lot of models and a bunch of JWST observations have increased the likelihood that they exist.

If primordial black holes exist, they might have been formed across the whole mass range. They're a candidate for at least some of dark matter for that reason.

But very small ones would already have evaporated, so the only ones left would be about asteroid mass or heavier.

That gets to my speculation. When a black hole evaporates (if we are right about how this works) it hits a runaway phase where it basically detonates, converting its remaining mass-energy into a shower of particles and radiation. The latter would include a lot of hard ultra-high-energy gamma rays. I've heard this put forward as a possible source for some of the very spicy photons we've detected.

If there was once a population of small ones that were evaporating, could this have resulted in a universe that until recently (in cosmological terms, so billions of years) was full of little evil bang-pop firecrackers that kept going off and spraying everything near them with ionizing radiation.

That could have more or less forbidden the evolution of complex life, technology, and spacefaring intelligences until "recently." (I'm aware of the other thing that might make us early in that regard, namely metallicity and early stars and planets probably being metal poor. Both could be true.)

Hello!
I am creating a little rage game and a friend argued that the physics in the game are not accurate.
Essentially the idea is that you control a car with each wheel as a separate moving entity. The front wheels can only move forwards, the back wheels only move backwards.

My understanding of basic physics is that if I am moving one wheel, the car should rotate around itself ( the center of mass ) and if you move 2 wheels ( like the 2 front wheels ), the rotational vector should cancel out and be left only with forward vector, so move forward.

My friend disagrees. He thinks that if one wheel is moving while facing forwards, the car should move forwards regardless and no rotation should happen, because all of the wheels are straight.

Could anyone clear this up?
Maybe we are both wrong and the real answer is something else.
Or both are correct in different circumstances?

Thanks!

Hey just wondering if any physics students or physicists read philosophy as interest . And not necessarily just philosophy of science. But other fields of philosophy such as metaphysics, existentialism, logic. And even maybe some literature classics. After a long uni day full of physics I know a good literature classics helps my mind truly relax.

I am doing research on an artist's work and trying to find the source for this image. It is supposed to be a model of some kind and it is linked to Heisenberg. The text on the artist's website makes no sense, since it talks about hydrogen-bombs.

Is anyone familiar with this image and can give me a source? The only thing looking vaguely familiar that I could find were still images of the "Trinity Test" shortly after the detonation.

I was just chatting with Gemini pro about black holes. It occurred to me that, since a black hole is a region of space that appears black because gravity is so strong there that light cannot escape, the only thing that is required for their existence would be strong enough gravity, not necessarily a singularity. So I asked if you could have a black hole with an object at it center larger than a singularity. (I’d still love an answer to this question as well.)

What came back was a surprising lack of commitment to the idea of a singularity. In fact, it painted a picture of the physics community being fairly skeptical of the singularity despite it being predicted by the math. This doesn’t jive with what I’ve encountered in what I think is high-quality pop physics like PBS space-time. So I’m wondering if my belief that the singularity is pretty well accepted is totally wrong. The one thing it said that made me think that might be the case is that when we encounter anything infinite, in this case the infinite density of the singularity, that this is often a red flag that the math is a bit mushy.

Hello, I’m Kevin and am new to this group. I’d like to self study physics after having taken non-calculus physics > 30 yrs. ago. Forgot calculus and so is Young and Freedman inappropriate for me, or can I use AI or embedded software/book explanations to reteach myself ?? I use physics in my work as a research nurse practitioner at NIH, and I also just love physics. At work, I apply physics in: 1. XR Radiology; 2. Nuclear medicine; 3. MRI ; 4. Ultrasound; 5. Physiology of blood flow and respiration; 6. Optical properties of eyes and corrective lenses; 7. Heat transfer (temperature reg.); 8. Acoustics of hearing and sound conduction/transduction; 9. Mechanics related to motion, balance, etc.; and I could continue.

Would a non-calculus physics textbook be better, or am I missing important concepts by not using calculus to learn (re-learn more deeply) the concepts?? Can you all recommend a non-calculus textbook if you think it is better? Giancoli or Cutnell and Johnson? Thank you, Kevin

I am in class X and my coaching is about to start 11th grade (first 4 chapters in all subjects pcm)

and i wanted to clear up my concepts for class 9 like sound,gravitation,laws of motions, etc.

If anyone has their coaching module for physics and chem or any pdf of their module PLS PLS PLS SEND MAN I GENUINELLY NEED IT 😭

Saw articles and read the preprint on the potential detection of a single WIMP likely have a mass of at least 200 GeV/c². I understand this does not reach statistical significance and may be ruled out but am curious of peoples thoughts on this as the paper is impenetrable for me to fully understand although I understand the overall effort to exclude background and other events. My question is does the results just tell us a potential large particle as noted or did the experiment tell us anything beyond that.

In my effort to find something I can understand I went to Wikipedia on the effort and read this:

" Although future analysis is required to confirm or refute the event as a genuine dark matter detection—the event's statistical significance does not clear the 5σ threshold of a "discovery" in particle physics—the event's high recoil energy is consistent with weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) models in which WIMPs have either different internal energy states or couplings with ordinary matter that vary with momentum.^\23])^\24])" My question is what is meant by WIMPS having different internal energy states of couplings with ordinary matter that vary with momentum. Additionally in the preprint itself they say at the end of the abstract "We describe the analysis and event of interest, the background model used in the statistical inference, and detail several of the rare background topologies considered." Does rare background topologies refer to ruling about background or are they talking in regard to potential properties of the signal?

I guess at the root of my question for this preliminary finding did they just find a potential signal of a particle at least 200 GeV/c² or were there other things that tell us more beyond this. The paper is too complicated for me to know if there is more information beyond that not understanding all the terms. What do you experts think? Thanks. Here is the preprint for reference:

https://lz.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2026/08/LZ_Preprint_260901_Dark_Matter_EFT_Nuclear_Recoil_Search_at_Higher_Energies.pdf

in a "dipole immersed in a electric field", why isn't either the external electric field pushing the 2 charges away or coulomb's law pushing them together, making the length between them change? and why are we doing torque calculations on them?