For nearly 150 years, geometers and other academics have been trying to imagine a mysterious fourth direction in space to account for the math of 4D geometry, but that abstract spatial axis has never been observed. Space remains three-dimensional.

However, representations of 4D polytopes can perfectly depict the motion of 3D objects through both space and time. A leading expert in the field has said they have not seen this view presented before.

The idea continues toward 5D geometry to represent what directly affects motion: force, comparing the 5D progression of a cube, a penteract, with events of cosmology and particle physics.