I’m Dan Snow and I am re-examining some of Tudor England's most infamous stories in my new series ‘How The Tudors Lost Their Heads’ on National Geographic. 

Along with Professor Suzannah Lipscombe, we will be investigating the lives, power struggles and down fall of some of Tudor England’s most controversial, notorious and misunderstood figures.. 

The Tudors have always fascinated us, not just because of their power and pageantry, but because life at court could be as dangerous as it was glamourous. In this series, we return to the evidence with fresh eyes to ask whether these extraordinary executions were inevitable tragedies, political necessities or something far more calculated. It’s history at its most human, dramatic and brutal.

Travelling across Europe, we investigate each story through letters, paintings, official records, archaeological discoveries, privileged access to historic buildings and archives and newly examined evidence and explore a different Tudor figure revealing the ambition, betrayal, propaganda and political intrigue that ultimately sealed their fate.

Find Dan on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thehistoryguy/

Find National Geographic on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/natgeouk/

Watch the ‘How The Tudors Lost Their Heads' trailer, airing on National Geographic on 6th September. Also streaming on Disney+: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3XKxluiMjo

Experts have long debated the meaning of Stonehenge, the prehistoric stone circle in the south-west of England. They have speculated that the mysterious monument might have been a place to commemorate the dead, a sacrificial altar, or a site of other religious ceremonies. But in August 1966, a Boston astronomy professor, Gerald Hawkins, told the BBC's Chronicle programme that he'd solved the puzzle thanks to a peculiar configuration of numbers – and an early IBM computer. 

Hawkins' theory formed the basis of his popular and influential 1965 book Stonehenge Decoded. The British-born scientist suggested to the BBC that alignments of the huge slabs and archways meant that "circles at Stonehenge could have been used as a computer to follow the Moon, and predict eclipses". Eclipses, such as those witnessed around the world this month, could have been accurately foretold by ancient Britons – more than 4,500 years ago.

“At noon on Feb. 13, 1788, huge crowds gathered outside Parliament to witness members of the House of Lords process into Westminster Hall,” William Dalrymple, the author of multiple books on the East India Company, writes in a guest essay for Times Opinion. “They were there to impeach the man who ran much of India as the East India Company’s governor general of Bengal. This was the moment when the British state finally flexed its muscles to take on the greatest corporate oligarch of his day, the Elon Musk of 18th-century London.”

While the original focus of the East India Company “was the spice trade and then the export of Indian textiles, it was authorized from the start by its charter to found and run colonies and wage war,” he says. “From its maiden voyage in 1601, it used violence to conduct its business and enhance its profits. By 1788, it was not just Britain’s biggest corporation and largest employer; it was the company that had conquered what was then the richest country on earth: Mughal India, whose bejeweled loot helped power Britain into the Industrial Revolution.”

“All that made the East India Company the most powerful corporation in history — until now,” he continues. “For in the past decade, Big Tech has, too, begun to take on the attributes of sovereign states, and in many ways is now as powerful as the East India Company at its height.”

“The question today,” William asks, ”is: Does America have the appetite and the ability to check the power of the tech companies, or will they increasingly operate without limits or boundaries, just like the East India Company before them?”

Read the full piece here, for free, even without a Times subscription.

Welcome to our History Questions Thread!

This thread is for all those history related questions that are too simple, short or a bit too silly to warrant their own post.

So, do you have a question about history and have always been afraid to ask? Well, today is your lucky day. Ask away!

Of course all our regular rules and guidelines still apply and to be just that bit extra clear:

Questions need to be historical in nature. Silly does not mean that your question should be a joke. r/history also has an active discord server where you can discuss history with other enthusiasts and experts.

For decades, an influential theory blamed the Rapanui for their own downfall—a story made famous by Jared Diamond’s book Collapse. New evidence tells a different tale.

Archaeology, ancient DNA and aerial survey data now challenge the claim that the Rapanui suffered a self-inflicted collapse before Europeans arrived. The emerging picture is of a small society that sustained itself for centuries by adapting its farming methods and water management to one of the most isolated places on Earth. The catastrophe that reduced the Rapanui to a remnant came later, after European ships brought disease, slave raiding, forced labor, annexation and confinement.

Hi everybody,

Welcome to our weekly book recommendation thread!

We have found that a lot of people come to this sub to ask for books about history or sources on certain topics. Others make posts about a book they themselves have read and want to share their thoughts about it with the rest of the sub.

We thought it would be a good idea to try and bundle these posts together a bit. One big weekly post where everybody can ask for books or (re)sources on any historic subject or time period, or to share books they recently discovered or read. Giving opinions or asking about their factuality is encouraged!

Of course it’s not limited to *just* books; podcasts, videos, etc. are also welcome. As a reminder, r/history also has a recommended list of things to read, listen to or watch here.

Welcome to our History Questions Thread!

This thread is for all those history related questions that are too simple, short or a bit too silly to warrant their own post.

So, do you have a question about history and have always been afraid to ask? Well, today is your lucky day. Ask away!

Of course all our regular rules and guidelines still apply and to be just that bit extra clear:

Questions need to be historical in nature. Silly does not mean that your question should be a joke. r/history also has an active discord server where you can discuss history with other enthusiasts and experts.

correct me if I’m wrong, but historically I believe the consensus is that the Amazon did not have large “cities” and civilizations that were lost, and accounts like Carvajals were seen as fictional or exaggeration. Serious incursions into the Amazon after Carvajal only happened decades after the initial excursion by orellana and carvajal in 1541. By the time europeans came back, those Amazonian populations had been wiped out and the forest had grown over the cities.

however, recent LiDAR findings have shown that Amazon arguably housed millions of people with densely populated areas and several structures and archeology and roads have been discovered with LiDar:

”On the basis of both existing data and our LiDAR documentation, we show that this cultural area alone contains as many earthworks as previously estimated for the whole of Amazonia. We also propose that the total human population of the area in 100–300 AD was 1.25–3 million people. If similar results are found elsewhere in Amazonia, the total precolonial population density and its effect on the current Amazonian soil and forest structure, biodiversity and even some modelling of the global climate should be re-evaluated.”

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10835-7

So this begs the question, how accurate was Carvajal? is it too early to speculate ? do we just not have enough info at this time?

Hi everybody,

Welcome to our weekly book recommendation thread!

We have found that a lot of people come to this sub to ask for books about history or sources on certain topics. Others make posts about a book they themselves have read and want to share their thoughts about it with the rest of the sub.

We thought it would be a good idea to try and bundle these posts together a bit. One big weekly post where everybody can ask for books or (re)sources on any historic subject or time period, or to share books they recently discovered or read. Giving opinions or asking about their factuality is encouraged!

Of course it’s not limited to *just* books; podcasts, videos, etc. are also welcome. As a reminder, r/history also has a recommended list of things to read, listen to or watch here.

When Elizabeth II was about to be crowned in 1953, British officials decided on the perfect gift for the monarch-to-be: They would bring home the Bayeux Tapestry.

For over 900 years, the 220-foot-long embroidery depicting the 1066 invasion of England by William to Conqueror had resided in Bayeux, France. A celebratory loan of one of Britain’s most important cultural artifacts would have made an ideal coronation present, but there was a problem: French art experts wouldn’t let the tapestry travel. It was too fragile to move, they said.

French experts scuppered another British plan to borrow the tapestry in 1966 for the 900th anniversary of the invasion. Then again in 1980. Last year, too, the tapestry’s handlers insisted a loan was impossible.

And yet, against the odds, the tapestry is now in London. On July 9, at 6:15 p.m., a bright yellow truck carrying the masterpiece, sealed in a climate- and vibration-controlled case, left Bayeux in a secretive overnight operation. Accompanied by members of the French security services, the truck drove onto a Eurostar train that took it under the sea through the Channel Tunnel..