r/HydrogenSocieties • u/raw-science • 1d ago
The catalyst constraint: iridium, PEM electrolysers, and green hydrogen
I’ve been looking at PEM electrolyser scale-up from the materials side rather than from electricity price or electrolyser CAPEX. The global primary iridium supply kept around 7 tons/yr in the last few years and at the same time, the current commercial PEM systems appear to use roughly 0.45–0.75 g Ir / kW. That means that 1 ton of iridium would correspond to only about 1.3–2.2 GW of PEM capacity at the current catalyst loadings... this before accounting for iridium demand from electronics, automotive catalysts and other sectors.
What I find interesting is that iridium is mostly a by-product of PGM mining, so that a higher iridium price does not produce the normal supply response you might expect from a primary commodity.
So most of the work would rely on R&D and engineering improvments, but getting from today's loadings toward 0.2–0.3 g/kW, or eventually \~0.1 g/kW, is not just a matter of making the catalyst layer thinner: conductivity, catalyst utilisation, current density and durability, all these paramters start to change with lower catalyst loading.
I wrote the supply-chain and electrochemical side of this in more detail here: [Iridium PEM | Raw Science](https://raw-science.org/iridium-pem-electrolysers/)

