- Flat Character Development
Most characters arcs deal with an inner conflict that dramatically reveals an interesting, specific perspective a character has about their unique culture, world, etc. Arthur doesn't really have any such perspective: his arc revolves around him learning how to help others in a story chock full of him helping/being kind to his friends, strangers, people around camp, lovers, etc. Through character interactions, arthur tells us that he's gone through large ruminations on his life and history of crime, reflections on the relationships he's had, and searched his memory for proof and he's still unsure he's capable of loving or helping others. I find this EXTREMELY hard to believe given that the very first mission on the snowy mountain we see him and his gang rescue a widow from agressors and a burning house. His entire ragtag group of pilgrims that Dutch calls a gang are a group of seniors, women, and children that they have built a friendship with and/or rescued, and now steal money from wealthy citizens (for the most part) to defend them from other criminals to give them a better life. I understand that characters can care for people and be morally corrupt at the same time and I'm not saying he has to start out just as bad as Micah is. But the game likes to pretend at certain points that years of crime have degraded Arthur's sense of empathy and his relationships, when, for practically every story beat except for Thomas Downes, that simply isn't the case.
Its a shame since arthur himself teases a lot more complex and compelling ideas through his interactions with the gang: how his resistance to violence and development of a conscience made him an inferior cowboy (and his insecurity relating to that), his loyalty to Dutch and the turmoil of loving a morally complicated person, his fear of death and how he's used to running away from it and his problems, his addiction to the cowboy/criminal life, etc. All of these would be more interesting ideas to explore through redemption in my opinion and reveal something interesting about cowboy life in this specific era. In my opinion, the loyalty idea makes the most sense since loyalty is the main reason he does violent things for Dutch (besides wanting to HELP the people in the gang!). An arc in which a man who already has a stable conscience, is keenly aware of the violence he commits, and has an acute understanding of his moral failings... "attempt" to become a good person is less interesting to me compared to someone like Kratos (God of War) who actually has to work to discover, then understand his specific inner conflict before solving it (instead of just learning to be "good").
- Tuberculosis
The development of arthur's diagnosis adds a very sad element to the story, but I find it very middling in terms of how it makes his character more compelling. Why isn't it a certain event, action or moment in the actual cowboy story that triggers Arthur to change? An act of violence he commits that goes too far, or someone he loves that he hurts because of his loyalty to Dutch. Instead its a disease he contracts? My understanding is that because the player is supposed to determine Arthur's morality in the moment to moment gameplay and beacuse he's the main character, the story can never show him doing anything actually strictly bad (besides righteously stealing from the gang's malicious enemies and killing hundreds of random, practically faceless lawmen/gang NPCs during routine story missions), in fear of undermining the player's choice. So it can't be a pivotal character moment based on Arthur's own decisions, but something independent from Arthur that signals when he/the player character is supposed to change. I think that makes sense with the morality system they use in game, but weakens the narrative and especially Arthur's character. It cheapens the redemption in my opinion if its not a violent act directly that flips that switch for him and makes him look at cowboy life in a different way, but rather a consequence from a violent act that inconveniences him. His disease makes his character very heartbreaking, but less compelling
- Uncoolness
This is a very nitpicky point, but I'm very sad that Dutch's gang are canonically not good at being cowboys. I feel as though most great cowboy stories (that aren't comedies) revolve around cowboys that are...good at what they do. Not only are the Van Der Linde gang a little stupid, they routinely fail at robberies, stick-ups, and the like. They literally attempt for seven chapters to get "one big score" and they fail constantly, which means Arthur and other characters have a lot less cinematic, cool cowboy moments. Scenes like the threeway standoff in Guarma and the buildup to the final shootout in Rhodes were fantastic moments in the game that I genuinely enjoyed, but those moments are few and far between, especially for Arthur. He's a great shot, but his loyalty (complacency) with Dutch's plans means he just goes along with whatever anyone wants him to do and makes him a little boring imo. Its not even an interesting sort of thing where he sees Dutch as a moral/parental figure and agrees with whatever he says thereby gradually losing his empathy in the process; he constantly has the same argument with him about how he's "changed after Blackwater," so that the group dynamic largely stays the same for at least 4 chapters. The final fist fight between Micah and Arthur was a super cool moment, and I wish we got more scenes like that throughout the story. If only we spent less time rounding up sheep and planning robberies on faulty info, and more time on standoffs, meeting other gunslingers, seeing other native american tribes/cultures, etc. I know its supposed to be a story about how cowboy culture is coming to an end, but still. Can't they go out with a bang?
TLDR Arthur Morgan is not a bad character but an aggresively 7/10 character. 1a - The game wants to portray him as morally tainted but also still kind to and empathetic towards the people around him in the story from beginning to end, which does a large disservice to his character. 1b - The concept of an already caring man learn how to care better is less interesting to me than an arc based on loss of empathy, violence, fear of death, etc. 2- His disease being his turning point means he doesn't get to be moved/changed by an actual violent event in the story, instead of a consequence of a violent event. 3- He's kind of an uncool cowboy and his dynamic within the group largely stays the same for most of the story.
imo the devs took an incredibly broad and uncomplex person and fleshed him out incredibly well. There are definitely examples in gaming of morally compelling characters going through character arcs that are complex and interesting, but in my opinion Arthur Morgan is not one of them.