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Before Takatsukasa Sukehira, two imperial sons had already been adopted into two of the Five Regent Houses: Konoe Nobuhiro, the fourth son of Emperor Go-Yōzei, and Ichijō Akiyoshi, the ninth son of the same emperor. Both were full brothers of Emperor Go-Mizunoo and Imperial Prince Yoshihito of Takamatsu (the founder of the princely family later known as Arisugawa-no-Miya). All were sons of Emperor Go-Yōzei and his empress consort Konoe Sakiko. In contrast to Takatsukasa Sukehira, whose male-line descendants are represented by numerous surviving branches, the two brothers have comparatively few surviving male-line descendants today. The following chart traces the surviving male-line descendants of Konoe Nobuhiro.
The Konoe family was the foremost of the Five Regent Houses and the senior lineage of the Northern Fujiwara clan. As the highest-ranking branch of the Fujiwara clan, members of the family traditionally held the offices of Regent and Kampaku (Chief Advisor to the Emperor), making the Konoe one of the most influential aristocratic houses in Japanese history.
Konoe Nobuhiro was adopted by his maternal uncle, Konoe Nobutada, as an adopted son-in-law and later married Nobutada's daughter as his principal wife, though the marriage remained childless; the couple later lived separately, and Nobuhiro became the first Kobetsusekke. Nobuhiro and his lesser wife had two sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Hisatsugu, succeeded to the family, while his younger son entered the Buddhist clergy at Kajū-ji.
Hisatsugu married his first cousin, the third daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo, as his principal wife. They had one daughter, who later married Imperial Prince Sadayuki of Fushimi XIII. Although the couple had no children of their own, they adopted the eldest son and eldest daughter born to one of Sadayuki's ladies-in-waiting. Hisatsugu also had one son, Motohiro, by his lesser wife, who became his only male heir.
Motohiro was a prominent supporter of the Tokugawa shogunate and maintained a close relationship with the shogunate throughout his political career. His principal wife was Imperial Princess Tsuneko, the fifteenth imperial daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo and his first cousin once removed (also step-aunt). The couple had one daughter and two sons. Their daughter, Hiroko, became the principal consort of Tokugawa Ienobu, the sixth Tokugawa shogun. Their eldest son, Iehiro, succeeded as head of the Konoe family, while their second son, Nobuna, was adopted into the Ōinomikado family, although he died without issue. Later in life, Motohiro also had a daughter and a son by a lesser wife. His daughter, Shūko, became the principal consort of Imperial Prince Naohito, the first head of the Kan'in-no-Miya, though the couple had no children. His younger son was adopted by Iehiro and subsequently entered the Buddhist clergy at Daikaku-ji, where he became the abbot of the temple.
Iehiro was a distinguished scholar and cultural patron of his time. He studied the works of celebrated calligraphers, preserved in the Konoe family's renowned collection, and received instruction in the tea ceremony directly from Emperor Go-Sai. Records of the tea gatherings he hosted are preserved in Cha no Yūki ("Record of Tea Gatherings"), now housed in the Yōmei Bunko archives.
Iehiro also possessed a keen interest in the natural sciences. In 1731, he discussed the simultaneous occurrence of lightning and thunder, as well as the proportional relationship between the delay of thunder and the distance from a lightning strike. These observations were recorded in his diary, Enkiki (槐記), demonstrating an early scientific approach to the study of natural phenomena.
Iehiro's principal wife was Imperial Princess Noriko, the second daughter of Emperor Reigen. They had one daughter and one son. Their daughter married Tokudaiji Kimmata, becoming his principal wife. Kimmata, a paternal grandson of Ichijō Akiyoshi, will be discussed in Part 3 of this series. The couple had two sons. Their son, Iehisa, succeeded as head of the Konoe family.
By a secondary consort, Iehiro had two daughters and one son. The elder daughter became imperial consort to Emperor Nakamikado and was the mother of Emperor Sakuramachi. The younger daughter married Tokugawa Tsugutomo, the sixth daimyō of the Owari Domain, as his principal wife. Their only son, Fusahiro, was adopted into the Takatsukasa family, one of the Five Regent Houses, but died young without leaving any children. Later in life, Iehiro had two other daughters and three sons. The fourth daughter became the adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ienobu, the sixth Tokugawa shogun. Two of his sons entered the Buddhist clergy at Sanbō-in and Daikaku-ji, respectively. His youngest son, Hisasuke, was selected as the heir to his elder brother Fusahiro in the Takatsukasa family, but died in childhood. Consequently, the Takatsukasa family was eventually succeeded by Takatsukasa Sukehira, the younger son of Imperial Prince Naohito of Kan'in.
In contrast, Iehisa left relatively few children. His principal wife and first secondary consort were respectively a daughter of Shimazu Tsunataka, the third daimyō of the Satsuma Domain, and a daughter of Shimazu Yoshitaka, the fourth daimyō of the same domain. Although they were aunt and niece, neither bore any children to Iehisa. Another secondary consort bore him one daughter and one son. Their daughter became the principal wife of Tokugawa Munemutsu, the ninth daimyō of the Owari Domain, while their son, Uchisaki, succeeded as head of the Konoe family. In addition, Iehisa had another daughter by an otherwise unidentified woman. She later became the principal wife of Tokugawa Munetake, the founding head of the Tayasu-Tokugawa family.
Uchisaki's principal wife was the fourth daughter of Tokugawa Muneharu, the seventh daimyō of the Owari Domain. The marriage, however, produced no children. By an otherwise unidentified woman, Uchisaki's eldest daughter, Inko, who became the principal wife of Imperial Prince Haruhito, the third head of the Kan'in-no-Miya. Their only daughter later married Tokugawa Narimasa of the Tayasu-Tokugawa family as his principal wife.
Uchisaki's recognized secondary consort bore him one daughter and one son. Their daughter became an imperial consort of Emperor Momozono and was the mother of Imperial Princess Yoshiko, who would later become the Empress Consort of Emperor Kōkaku. It is worth noting that upon Emperor Momozono's death, Uchisaki took part in discussions with the retired Empress Go-Sakuramachi regarding the selection of a new emperor from among the princes of the Fushimi-no-Miya line.
Their son, Tsunehiro, succeeded as head of the Konoe family. Uchisaki also had another son and daughter who entered the Buddhist clergy.
Tsunehiro's principal wife was Princess Tōko, the fourth daughter of Imperial Prince Tsunahito of Arisugawa, the seventeenth son of Emperor Reigen. The couple had only one child, Konoe Motosaki. By another woman, Tsunehiro had two sons and one daughter. His second son later became the 43rd abbot of Daikaku-ji, while his daughter married Tatsunyo, the 20th head priest of Higashi Hongan-ji (Shin Buddhism)
Motosaki's only wife was Shizuko, the daughter of Matsudaira Katsumasa, the seventh daimyō of Takasu Domain, and the adopted daughter of Tokugawa Munechika, the ninth daimyō of the Owari Domain. The couple had only two children: one son and one daughter. Their son was Konoe Tadahiro, while their daughter was betrothed to Tsugaru Nobuyori, the tenth daimyō of the Hirosaki Domain.
Tadahiro was active as a supporter of the union of the imperial court and the shogunate. His principal wife was a daughter of Shimazu Narinobu, the ninth daimyō of the Satsuma Domain. They had three sons who survived to adulthood: Konoe Tadafusa, Tokiwai Gyoki, and Miyagawa Tadaoki. By an otherwise unidentified woman, Tadahiro also had two daughters. One later became the principal wife of Ichijō Saneyoshi, while the other became the second wife of Count Tsugaru Tsugua'aki.
Tadafusa's principal wife was an adopted daughter of Shimazu Nariakira, the 11th daimyō of the Satsuma Domain. They had three children: two sons and one daughter. Their eldest son was Konoe Atsumaro, while their daughter, Hiroko, later became the wife of Tokugawa Iesato. Their third son, Gyoyuu, was subsequently adopted by his paternal uncle, Gyoki, as heir to the Tokiwai family. By a secondary consort, Tadafusa had another son, Hidemaro, who was later adopted into the Tsugaru family. He left no children of his own. As Tadafusa died before his father, Tadahiro, his eldest son Atsumaro was subsequently adopted by Tadahiro and designated as his heir to the Konoe family.
Tadahiro's second son, Gyoki, was initially adopted as a yūshi (adopted son) by Imperial Prince Takahito of Arisugawa. He later entered the Buddhist priesthood at Senju-ji, the head temple of the Takada branch of Jōdo Shinshū. In 1872, he established the Tokiwai family, and in 1885 he adopted Gyoyuu, the third son of his elder brother, as his heir. In 1896, he was ennobled as a baron.
The youngest son, Tadaoki, entered the Buddhist clergy at Isshin-ji at the age of five and was intended to succeed as head of the temple. Following the Meiji Restoration, however, he was ordered to return to secular life in 1868. He was ennobled as a baron in 1884, and in 1895 he adopted the surname Miyagawa and became chief priest of Kasuga Taisha. Tadaoki originally had one son, but Baron Morimoto later adopted the boy; further details concerning his subsequent history remain unclear. Tadaoki later adopted the fourth son of his nephew Atsumaro as his heir, a branch that will also be discussed below in this series.
Atsumaro later succeeded his grandfather as head of the Konoe family. In 1884, following the promulgation of the Kazoku Peerage Ordinance, he was created a Duke. When the House of Peers was established in 1890, he automatically became a life member of the chamber and served as its third President from 1896 to 1903.
His first wife was Sawako, the fifth daughter of Maeda Yoshiyasu, the 13th daimyō of the Kaga Domain. They had one son, Fumimaro. Nobuko's health deteriorated after childbirth, and she died at a young age. Atsumaro subsequently married her younger sister, Motoko, the sixth daughter of Maeda Yoshiyasu. He and Motoko had four children: one daughter and three sons. Their daughter later married Duke Ōyama Kashiwa, while their sons were Hidemaro, Naomaro, and Tadumaro.
After Atsumaro's death, his eldest son, Fumimaro, succeeded him as head of the Konoe family and inherited the ducal title. In addition to serving as a member of the House of Peers, Fumimaro held several of the highest offices in the Japanese government, including President of the House of Peers, President of the Privy Council, and Prime Minister. He served as Prime Minister three times and became one of the central political figures of wartime Japan. His first administration began shortly before the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in July 1937, after which the conflict between Japan and China escalated into full-scale war. His premiership also encompassed the Shanghai Campaign and the Nanjing Massacre.
Fumimaro played a major role in Japan's wartime political system, including the establishment of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association and the strengthening of the wartime mobilization regime. Following Japan's defeat in 1945, he was designated as a suspected Class-A war criminal and ordered to surrender for arrest. Before his scheduled arrest, however, he took poison and died by suicide at his residence on December 16, 1945. Contemporary U.S. diplomatic records confirm that he had been included among the major war-crimes suspects ordered to be apprehended.
Fumimaro's wife was Chiyoko, the second daughter of Viscount Mōri Takanori. They had four children: two sons and two daughters. Their eldest son was Fumitaka, while their daughters were Noguchi Akiko, who later married, and Hosokawa Haruko. Their younger son was Michitaka. Fumimaro also had an illegitimate daughter who was at one point adopted by Miyagawa Tadumaro; however, the adoption was later dissolved.
Fumimaro's eldest son, Fumitaka, married Ōtani Masako during the Pacific War. Masako was the daughter of the Buddhist priest Ōtani Kōmyō and a niece of Empress Teimei. Before his marriage, Fumitaka had been involved with another woman, who later gave birth to a son out of wedlock. This son was the actor and director Azuma Ryumei. The Konoe family never publicly acknowledged Ryumei as his son. Soviet forces in Manchuria captured Fumitaka, and he subsequently died while being held at a detention camp in Ivanovo Oblast, Soviet Union, in 1956. He and Masako had no children from their marriage. After his death, his widow adopted Hosokawa Tadateru, the second son of Fumitaka's younger sister Haruko, as heir to the Konoe family. It should be noted that Konoe Tadateru died on May 23, 2026, before this chart could be fully updated. He was married to Yasuko, the eldest daughter of Imperial Prince Takahito of Mikasa.
According to a novel by the writer Nishiki Masami, Azuma Ryumei and his mother were permitted by the Konoe family to visit the graves of Fumimaro and Fumitaka. According to Ryumei's own blog, he also visited his paternal uncle, Konoe Michitaka, at Tekigai-sō every month.
Michitaka was a prominent historian and cultural administrator. During his lifetime, he served as a professor at the Historiographical Institute of the University of Tokyo, President of the Kasumigaoka-kai, and Chairman of the Board of the Yōmei Bunko, among other positions. Michitaka was adopted by his paternal uncle Hidemaro and Hidemaro's first wife after their eldest son died in the aftermath of the Great Kantō Earthquake. Michitaka died of heart failure in 2012 and left no children.
Konoe Hidemaro was a prominent Japanese conductor and composer and a pioneer in the development of the modern Japanese orchestra. His numerous achievements in music have been extensively documented elsewhere and will not be discussed in detail here. In 1919, he was created a Viscount in recognition of his father's distinguished service.
Hidemaro had two wives as well as two long-term companions. His first wife was Yasuko, the younger sister of Fumimaro's wife, Chiyoko. They had one son and two daughters. Both daughters are still living. After their only son died in the aftermath of the Great Kantō Earthquake, Hidemaro and Yasuko adopted his nephew, Michitaka, the youngest son of Fumimaro, as their son.
Hidemaro's second son, Hidetake, was born to his first companion, who also bore him his third son and fourth daughter. The surviving male-line descendants of Hidemaro are now represented through Hidetake. Hidetake moved to Europe in 1959 to pursue further musical studies and returned to Japan in 1965. In 1972, he became Director of the Konoe Music Institute. He later conducted the Imperial Household Agency's musical performance during the motorcade for the wedding of Crown Prince Naruhito on June 9, 1993. Hidetake had two sons and one daughter. His eldest son, Konoe Hajime, is a bassoonist who has been based in the Netherlands since 1992 and currently serves as Director of the Konoe Music Institute. He has a pair of twins, a boy and a girl, both of whom are violists (here's the site introduce Hajime). Hidemaro's younger son, Konoe Dai, is a lawyer at KKM Law Office, while his daughter currently works in the international division of NHK .
Hidemaro's third son Tadatoshi was later adopted by his paternal uncle and succeeded to the Miyagawa family, a branch that will be discussed later in this series. His fourth son, Nagai Gagaku, was born to Hidemaro's second wife. He later withdrew from the Konoe family and adopted his mother's surname. From an early age, he studied the cello, and in 1972 he toured Switzerland with the Tokyo Youth Symphony Orchestra. In 2017, Masanori donated his father's personal effects and memorabilia to the Konoe Music Institute.
Atsumaro's other two sons, Naomaro and Tadumaro, left no children. Naomaro was a French horn player and a scholar of gagaku. In 1925, he joined the Russo-Japanese Interfaith Symphony Orchestra, the Japan Symphony Orchestra (now the NHK Symphony Orchestra), and the New Symphony Orchestra (also the present-day NHK Symphony Orchestra), serving as principal horn player.
Tadumaro was later adopted by his grand-uncle and succeeded to the Miyagawa family and its baronial title. He subsequently adopted Tadatoshi, the third son of his elder brother Hidemaro, as his heir. Tadatoshi was a composer and scholar of gagaku. His wife was the daughter of Viscount Ano Suetada, and the couple had two daughters, Yōko and Yūko. The sisters became musicians, specializing in the violin and cello, respectively. Since 1994, Yōko has been active with the Orchestra della Svizzera Italiana, the Ceresio Quartet, and Rainbow Orchestra. She married an American and settled in Switzerland. Further information about Yūko can be found on her personal website.
Finally, it is worth mentioning the Tokiwai family. The family passed down through Akitoku, Konoe Tadafusa's third son. He has four sons and four daughters, two of whom were born out of wedlock. The present head of Senju-ji, the principal temple of the Takada branch of Jōdo Shinshū, is the son of Akitoku's second son.