Hi all,
I’ve been working with a Xenium 500-plex spatial dataset for the past year and, although I’ve been able to make good use of it overall, there are still a few aspects of the analysis that I haven’t fully resolved.
Annotation:
My cell-type annotation is based mainly on manual annotation of clusters from the integrated dataset, as I have not been able to fully annotate the tissue using Tangram because the available gold-standard scRNA-seq references do not capture all of the cell populations present in my samples.
The clusters are generated using graph-based Leiden clustering on Harmony dimensions derived from SCTransform-normalised data. One issue I consistently encounter is that, within most annotated clusters, a proportion of cells falls away from the main cluster centroid on the UMAP. I suspect this may partly reflect spatial transcript bleeding or contamination from neighbouring cells, although spatial bleeding correction itself require good enough references and/or alters counts making use of normalisation like SCTransform not feasible (and my samples have variable quality). My tissue also does not have a well-defined organisation of cell types into discrete anatomical structures, so approaches such as SpaNorm do not seem particularly well suited to the dataset.
DEG analysis of co-localised cells:
A related issue arises when performing differential expression analysis on spatially co-localised cells. For example, when comparing a cell type of interest X depending on whether it is located close to cell type Y, I find it difficult to determine whether increased expression of certain genes in X reflects a genuine transcriptional response of X to its proximity to Y, or simply transcripts originating from Y being incorrectly assigned to neighbouring X cells.
I’d be very interested to hear how others working with Xenium data have approached either of these issues.