r/fictionalpsychology • u/Omeganian • 18d ago
Book Perigrine Tyss, Master Flea. Was E. T. A. Hoffmann trying to describe autism?
Master Flea is a novel by Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, published in 1822 (with some censorship). It is a fantasy work (and has a decent portion of SF for the time), with the protagonist, Perigrine (or Perigrinus) Tyss, being in his mid-thirties, and living alone in his big house with an old female servant, Alina. The description is a loner who doesn't like company, and really fears the thought of marriage or female company (Alina is described to have an appearance that would have gotten her burned as a witch a couple of centuries earlier).
Now, after saying that, the novel goes into his background. He was a son of a rich merchant, very much wanted, and seemingly weird even from birth. Here are quotes describing his early life:
After he had cried night and day uninterruptedly for some weeks, without their being able to find out any bodily ailment, he became on the sudden quite quiet and as it were stupified into a motionless insensibility: he seemed incapable of the least impression. The little brow, which appeared to belong to a lifeless puppet, was wrinkled neither by tears nor laughter.
...
At last an old gossip hit upon the lucky thought of bringing Peregrine a very motley, and, in fact, a very ugly harlequin. The child's eyes quickened in a strange fashion, the mouth contracted to a gentle smile, he caught at the puppet, and, the moment it was given to him, hugged it tenderly. Then again he gazed upon the manikin with such intelligent and speaking eyes, that it seemed as if reason and sensation had suddenly awakened in him, and with much greater vigour than is usual with children of his age.
...
the time had long since gone by in which children usually begin to speak, and yet Peregrine had not uttered a syllable. The boy would have been thought dumb, but that he often gazed on the person who spoke to him with such attention, nay even showed such sympathy by sad as well as by joyful looks, that there could be no doubt not only of his hearing, but of his understanding, every thing.
In the meantime his mother was mightily astonished at finding what the nurse had told her confirmed. At night, when the boy lay in bed and fancied himself unnoticed, he talked to himself single words, and even whole sentences, and so little broken that a long practice might be inferred from this perfection. ... Mrs. Tyss was far from letting the boy see he was observed, or from wishing to force him to speak; she rather contrived to bring it about by other dexterous means, that he should of himself no longer keep concealed the beautiful talent of speech, but should slowly, yet plainly, manifest it to the world, and to the wonder of all. Still, however, he evinced a constant aversion to talking, and was most pleased when they left him in quiet by himself.
...
it was no use thinking of any systematic learning with him; he had understanding for that only which happened to chime in exactly with his genius; all the rest passed over him without leaving any impression: and that which suited his genius was the wonderful,--all that excited his imagination; in that he lived and moved. So, for example, he once received a present of a sketch of Pekin, with all its streets, houses, &c. which occupied the entire wall of his chamber. At the sight of this city of fables, of the singular people that seemed to crowd through its streets, Peregrine felt as if transported by some magic sleight into another world, in which he was to become at home. With eagerness he now fell upon every thing that he could get hold of respecting China, the Chinese, and Pekin; and having somewhere found the Chinese sounds described, he laboured to pronounce them according to the description, with a fine chanting voice; nay, he even endeavoured, by means of the paper-scissors, to give his handsome calimanco bed-gowns the Chinese cut as much as possible, that he might have the pleasure of walking the streets of Pekin in the fashion. Nothing else could excite his attention--to the great annoyance of his tutor, who just then wished to instil into him the history of the Hanseatic League, according to the express wish of Mr. Tyss; but the old gentleman found to his sorrow, that Peregrine was not to be brought out of Pekin, wherefore he brought Pekin out of the boy's chamber.
In the end, the father's attempts to teach his son business all fail. The young man goes to travel for a long time, and by the time he returns, his family is dead. He starts living as a recluse with the old servant, Alina. Several holidays a year are celebrated alone, but with Perigrine pretending the room is full of guests, and the food distributed to the poor afterwards. At Christmas, he gathers the presents afterwards and plays Santa for some poor family.
Do you think this is an early attempt to describe autism? And if so, how successful?