I know Y5 is hated for all the usual reasons. It makes no sense, Its "dumb" etc etc and I am not here to defend this criticism(Even If I vehemently disagree and think it is a very bad way to engage a story and find value in a story as beautiful as that of 5).
I want to talk about Saejima's section in 5. Its an incredibly beautiful section of 5. Atonement lies in living than rotting in prison or dying. And I think this also shows a bit of changeup in the direction of writing where characters now live and have to carry weight of their actions.
Saejima's relationship with Baba is "not a real one". Baba didnt murder anyone and is rotting in jail for 10 years nor is he shit scared to confront society. But the messages both Baba learnt and Saejima preached are very much real and Saejima treats him like his kyodai. It's the same with Rubber Bullets with how the impact is very much real.
And this is incredibly telling of Saejima's personality. Saejima's whole thing as a character is of ironies and getting played up and still maintaining that life affirming stoic attitude. It doesn't absolve or make any of his actions or ideas meaningless and there's a lot of values to learn from Saejima. And I think it's beautifully portrayed with his relationship with Baba.
This also ties to the message of living and how value inheres in life. It's being more aggressively pushed down in later games and the way the games tell these themes is really close. These guys are yakuzas. Most of them had shitty childhoods, threw their lives away for personal gains or for their patriarchs and yet they still, continue to live and find value in it and have fun. It is so satisfying to see such themes presented. Damn, Yakuza is awesome.
I have a bit more rambling but I feel the karmic world of Yakuza is very "generous". Allow me to elaborate. Our characters are caught up in a cyclical torture because of some events. Kiryu is caught up in a painful cycle of his conflicting loyalty to Yakuza AND his desire for retirement in Morning glory and similarly, saejima struggled in a cycle of torture for his crimes of ueno seiwa hit, of which he has very big regret of.
You would see that many yakuza games have two villains. One is irredeemable POS and other is a more tragic and conflicting figures. Usually, the former is there to represent the bigger theme(1 is about parenthood, particularly fatherhood. And Jingu is the extreme case of a bad father. 2 is in many ways, about Yakuza and their past sins catching upto them and also the conflict of new age Yakuza vs old brawler type mentality. Takashima(and the villain of Majima saga) represented the extreme case of the "modern Yakuza" and Terada is the extreme case of Yakuza sins and their results catching upto Kiryu and gang).
Now, usually, the second antagonist have cool boss fights and often times, make sacrifices to atone for their sins. Mine committing suicide, Nishiki with Jingu, Ryuji with Takashima etc etc. It usually happens after their cathartic realization after getting beat up by Kiryu and that is also the time, when the "big bad mastermind" reveals himself, which narratively, means that someone like Nishiki becomes more of a grey character and usually find repaying their debt(ie their sins) in death while taking down the big bad guy.
Now, Saejima broke his "cycle of torture and regret" in purgatory. A place where he "purified" his sins by confessing and showcasing how he really was a kind soul that was bought to this underworld(guy wanted to be a primary school teacher but had to resort to violence cuz of his POS yakuza dad and Sasai was no saint either). This freed him from his crimes(the ueno seiwa) and the sins was of Katsuragi, who showed no remorse for his doings which really forms a striking classic hero vs villain parallel.
I know it sounds like some esoteric garbage and maybe it is and very psuedo intellectual but I thought it was worth sharing!
Just a bit talk about the literal gameplay of the Saejima's section---
I know a lot of people hate this section of 5 for how slow it is but really if you think...Prison sequence is NOT that exhausting compared to 4 which had an annoying boss Saito with THREE recurring fights. Saejima had a cool 1(2) vs 100 smth fight like Kiryu's. Kugihara is an easy boss to take care. And the hunting mini game is fun asf.
Also, this change in attitude that atonement is in to fight. I really wonder if Yokoyama would rewrite 1 where Nishiki survives. And then maybe lives in daidoji and when he returns back, He has to confront to himself and become a better person. Would be cool!