I see now what they mean by fundamental vs inessential (taking fundamental to mean “invaluable”, “important”) but surely fundamental and complex (or even involved) can act as antonyms, too?

Eg he’s only just learnt the fundamentals of thermodynamics so I wouldn’t trust him with any complex/involved equations. vs this is quite fundamental stuff so I think he should be able to manage just fine.

The apostrophe is used to indicate that a syllable is usually pronounced should be omitted this time, for the lyrics to fit the tune. Therefore, I can understand why there's one in "o'er" and in "heav'n".

But I can't understand the reason of the apostrophe in "proudly we hail'd", "o'er the ramparts we watch'd" (the second one here).

Even without this sign, I wouldn't pronounce the E in "hailed". It takes some time, when you learn English, for you to remember not to pronounce the E in the -ed suffix, reducing it to a -d or -t sound instead (except after D or T, which is not the case here). So once you've learned it, you don't need an apostrophe to remind you of that.

i found the word i cant understand... even after ai explanation. i found it in this sentence: Jason enjoys shocking people with his exploits.
Im sure it has negative meaning because this sentence is about a disobedient child who lives his promiscuous life. And i guess its related to the words,,flaunt,, or,,brag,,

I noticed that when looking for things, I tend to say it in the past tense. For example, I'd say "Where was my wallet?" instead of "Where is my wallet?" because my brain kind of resorts to past tense from thinking about where I last placed the item.

Is this correct? Would native speakers use the past simple like this? Should I use the present tense, or just say something like "Where did I put my key?" instead?

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Pessoal, comecei a estudar inglês usando Comprehensible Input e estou meio perdido sobre como aplicar a técnica na prática.

Por exemplo, assistindo a canais como o Volca English, vocês costumam apenas assistir tentando entender o contexto? Ou param para anotar frases que parecem úteis, repetem, revisam depois etc.?

Queria saber como vocês realmente aplicam o CI no dia a dia e o que funciona para vocês. Se puderem dar exemplos de como é uma sessão de estudo, ajudaria bastante.

This is a genuine question, but I'm having a hard time understanding how this term is used. I know this term refers to someone who has many sexual partners, but I've noticed that it can also just be used jokingly without necessarily meaning that the person actually fits the definition. I was watching a vlog where someone called her sister a hoe and in a different situation she would just say to the camera, “Your mom's a hoe.” I've also heard it in some songs, but I'm not quite sure whether they actually mean someone who fits the definition or if they're just saying it jokingly.

Edit: I'm asking this because I want to understand what the term means and how it's used. I'm definitely not planning to use it, and I don't even curse much in my own language. I just want to understand how it's used so that when I see someone using the term, I can tell whether they're being rude or just making a joke.

Hi, I'm 50 years old. I've started learning English so many times... It always ended in a fluke, very quickly, without any consequences. I know a lot of words, I understand a lot. But of course, I can't speak, I get stressed when I have to do something while traveling. It's a huge complex of mine that I can't communicate fluently in the language... I'd really like to finally do it for myself and dedicate three evenings, say, 30 minutes a week to systematic learning. But how do I do it? What should I choose? Ideally, it should be a system for my phone, or maybe a computer, so I don't have to travel anywhere, because I'll quickly find an excuse not to. I could dedicate three 30 minutes a week and an additional three hours listening to something on headphones. I could listen to DIE at work... Gosh... Does anyone else feel the same way? How do I approach this?

I’m a native French speaker, and I also speak Italian since I live in Italy. I’m looking for an English-speaking partner to practice and improve my English. In return, I’d be happy to help you with French or Italian. 😊

thanks a lot!